The Italian Game: The Most Common chess opening as it gets a knight and bishop developed and helps set up attacks or gaining control of the center of the board.
The Ruy-Lopez: A very similar opening to accomplish similar goals like the Italian game, but ends a bit differently with the bishop. The goal is to not threaten scholar's mate but to gain center by attacking the horse defending the center pawn.
Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack: The Nimzowitsch Larsen attack is a bishop attack on the center. It allows an early developer of the bishop and attacks at a pawn that is not defended. Then it finishes with a simple king's pawn move to get the other bishop and queen room to develop. It gets the queen and both bishops ready to move and together they can be a major threat to the opponents.
The Sicilian Defense: The Sicilian Defense is very easy for beginners and can become more tactical the more you play and improve. It opens up room for your queen and allows possible attacks for control for center.
The French Defense: The French defense is a defense used to gain control of the center and open up room for the queen and bishops to develop. If white were to attack by taking the black pawn, then you would trade to were you both are even and both have control of center.
The Slav Defense: Similar to the French defense, just with the queen's pawn. You want to not take the pawn with your black pawn because then you would be accepting the queen's gambit which the defense is used against. It sets up the queen and bishop for black and is a good start to develop these pieces.